Microalbuminuria is a marker for generalized vascular endothelial dysfunction, that is considered an independent predictor of increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension. Numerous clinical studies in non-diabetic populations have shown an association between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors, target organ damage, and the presence of cardiovascular disease. Microalbuminuria occurs in approximately 11% to 40% of patients with essential hypertension. Treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers has shown superiority over other antihypertensive drugs in reducing urine albumin excretion and may prove to be a more targeted approach to reducing cardiovascular risk. Microalbuminuria can be considered not only a risk factor for progressive renal damage, but also a provider of an integrated assessment of long-term damage to the cardiovascular system. That is why it is used in cardiovascular risk assessment clinics. Whether targeted treatment of microalbuminuria in the non-diabetic population reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, remains to be proven. However, there is a general consensus recommending the identification and quantification of microalbuminuria as an important, cost-effective examination that helps evaluate overall cardiovascular risk and identify high-risk patients for whom additional preventive and therapeutic measures are advisable.